Transaction Search Form: please type in any of the fields below.
Date: April 30, 2024 Tue
Time: 3:54 am
Time: 3:54 am
Results for hotspots policing
4 results foundAuthor: Distler, Michael Title: Less Debate, More Analysis: A Meta Analysis of Literature on Broken Windows Policing Summary: In their broken windows thesis, Wilson and Kelling (1982) propose that social and physical disorder leads to a breakdown in informal social controls, thereby allowing more serious crime to occur. This framework had a tangible impact on policy, though research has shown mixed results with regard to its effectiveness. This thesis conducts a meta-analysis of 66 effect sizes, nested within eleven studies, in order to better understand the effect of broken windows policing on crime according to the literature. Results show that broken windows policing does have an effect on crime and that methodological characteristics of the studies are related to the effect. The discussion section considers the relationship between these findings and other meta-analyses on policing innovations, such as hot spots and problem-oriented policing. Details: College Park, MD: University of Maryland, 2011. 60. Source: Internet Resource: Thesis: Accessed December 4, 2012 at: http://drum.lib.umd.edu/bitstream/1903/11735/1/Distler_umd_0117N_12199.pdf Year: 2011 Country: United States URL: http://drum.lib.umd.edu/bitstream/1903/11735/1/Distler_umd_0117N_12199.pdf Shelf Number: 127125 Keywords: Broken Windows TheoryHotspots PolicingNuisance Behaviors and DisorderProblem-Oriented Policing |
Author: Uchida, Craig D. Title: Los Angeles, California Smart Policing Initiative Reducing Gun-Related Violence through Operation LASER Summary: The Los Angeles Smart Policing Initiative (SPI) sought to reduce gun-related violence in specific neighborhoods in the city of Los Angeles, through application of the SARA problem-solving model—Scanning, Analysis, Response, and Assessment. As part of the scanning phase, the LAPD and its research partner examined gun-related crimes by Division and by Reporting District for 2011. In 2011, the Newton Division was ranked third in gun violence among the 21 Divisions. The Los Angeles SPI team next sought to identify specific areas for intervention in the Newton Division, employing a geographic analysis of data on gun-related crimes, arrests, and calls for service over a six-year period (2006-2011). The location-based analysis resulted in the identification of five large hotspots. Once the target areas were identified, the Los Angeles SPI team developed their intervention strategy, called Los Angeles’ Strategic Extraction and Restoration Program (Operation LASER). Established in September 2011, Operation LASER’s overall goal is to target with laser-like precision the violent repeat offenders and gang members who commit crimes in the target areas. LASER involves both location- and offender-based strategies, most notably the creation of a Crime Intelligence Detail (CID). CID’s primary mission centers on the development of proactive, real-time intelligence briefs called Chronic Offender Bulletins. The bulletins assist officers in identifying crime trends and solving current investigations, and they give officers a tool for proactive police work. The Los Angeles SPI team assessed the impact of Operation LASER using Interrupted Time-Series Analysis. In particular, the team analyzed monthly crime data for the Newton Division and 18 other divisions from January 2006–June 2012. Results show that Part I violent crimes, homicide, and robbery all decreased significantly in the Newton Division after Operation LASER began. After the program was implemented, Part I violent crimes in the Newton Division dropped by an average of 5.4 crimes per month, and homicides dropped by 22.6 percent per month. Importantly, the crime declines did not occur in the other LAPD divisions, which provide strong evidence that Operation LASER caused the declines in the Newton Division. The Los Angeles SPI experience offers a number of lessons learned for both police managers and line officers. The initiative underscores the value of the SARA model as an evidence-based framework for crime control, and it highlights the central role of both crime analysis and technology in data-driven decision-making. The Los Angeles SPI invested heavily in the relationship between line officers and crime analysts, and the investment paid off in sizeable reductions in gun-related crime in the target areas. The initiative also demonstrates the importance of focusing intervention strategies on both people and places to achieve success in crime control and prevention. Details: Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, bureau of Justice Assistance, 2012. 12p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed January 30, 2013 at: http://www.smartpolicinginitiative.com/sites/all/files/spotlights/LA%20Site%20Spotlight%20FINAL%20Oct%202012.pdf Year: 2012 Country: United States URL: http://www.smartpolicinginitiative.com/sites/all/files/spotlights/LA%20Site%20Spotlight%20FINAL%20Oct%202012.pdf Shelf Number: 127437 Keywords: Crime PreventionGun Violence (Los Angeles, CA)Hotspots PolicingOperation LASERProblem-SolvingViolent Crime |
Author: Lammy, David Title: Low Crime for All: How to reduce crime for London's communities Summary: In a new report for Policy Exchange's London-focused research unit - the Capital City Foundation - Rt Hon David Lammy, Member of Parliament for Tottenham, and candidate in the Primary to be the Labour Party's nominee for the London Mayoral Election, makes the case for higher visibility, more targeted policing in London. In Low Crime for All: How to reduce crime for London's Communities, Lammy makes three key points about crime in London: 1.We need a more visible Police force. The Police must radically improve their visibility in those parts of the capital where crime is highest. Lammy calls for an additional 2,400 Police (1,400 additional constables and 1,000 community support officers) to combat crime in London. The report highlights official figures which show that just 1 in 10 of Metropolitan Police officers are "visible and available" to the public at any one time, the 39th lowest score of the 43 forces in England and Wales. While it is not possible for all Police Officers to be visible and available at any one time there is scope to increase this score. 2.High crime disproportionately hurts the most vulnerable. While crime has declined since it peaked in 1995, this has not occurred equally among all geographic areas and socio-economic groups. Crime is increasingly concentrated in more deprived areas and particularly affects those on low incomes. In London, residents of the 100 wards with the highest proportion of social housing suffer more than twice as much crime as residents of the 100 wards with the least social housing. 3.High rates of crime should not be accepted - crime can be reduced further. The Mayor of London should replicate the sort of approach to fighting crime adopted in New York City, where supposedly 'low level' offences were policed proactively to challenge the culture of criminality and antisocial behaviour. The report makes thirteen recommendations to address crime in London: 1.The Metropolitan Police should increase the percentage of "visible and available" officers. Foot patrols are an important tool in fighting crime. 2.As part of encouraging foot patrols, the Mayor of London should look closely at Metropolitan Police spending on Police cars, and, perhaps, sell some existing vehicles to reinvest in other means of crime prevention. 3.The Mayor's Office for Policing and Crime should attempt randomised controlled trials around London to gather evidence on which policing methods work best. 4.More Police resources should be directly invested in crime hotspots, particularly those areas recently victimised. 5.The Mayor of London should replicate the "Compstat" model in New York. At least once a fortnight, senior officers should go through crime statistics and hold borough commanders to account for any increase in crime rates or decrease in Police effectiveness. 6.The Mayor of London, Transport for London and MOPAC should sustain a particular focus on crime on public transport. 7.London local authorities should insist that new home developments incorporate "designing out crime" principles as part of the planning process. 8.The Mayor of London's environmental team should put the "greening of London" at its core, with a view to placing trees, bushes and hedges in the way of known areas of criminal activity. 9.Tenants should have the right to request that their landlord install WIDE - Window locks, Internal lights on a timer, Deadlocks or Double door locks and External lights activated by a motion sensor - target hardening measures in their home. Landlords should be obliged to do this following any tenant's victimisation. 10.The Mayor's Office for Policing and Crime could trial investing some of its budget in crime prevention by directly funding WIDE installation in the areas most consistently burgled as one of the randomised controlled trials mentioned in recommendation three. 11.As part of MOPAC's randomised controlled trials, the Metropolitan Police should roll out new technologies in some of the highest crime areas, comparing the results to areas of similar crime rates. The deployment of Smartwater shows how this can work in practice. 12.The Mayor of London should work to ensure social housing providers offer optional and low cost home contents insurance to their tenants. 13.The Metropolitan Police should offer subsidised housing in land it owns for rent or purchase by officers to encourage them to live in London. Details: London: Policy Exchange, 2015. 31p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed march 5, 2016 at: http://www.policyexchange.org.uk/images/publications/low%20crime%20for%20all%20-%20how%20to%20reduce%20crime%20fo%20londons%20communities.pdf Year: 2015 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.policyexchange.org.uk/images/publications/low%20crime%20for%20all%20-%20how%20to%20reduce%20crime%20fo%20londons%20communities.pdf Shelf Number: 138107 Keywords: Communities and CrimeCrime HotspotsFoot PatrolsHotspots PolicingTargeting PolicingUrban Areas and Crime |
Author: Webster, Daniel W. Title: Estimating the Effects of Law Enforcement and Public Health Interventions Intended to Reduce Gun Violence in Baltimore Summary: Baltimore has long been plagued by high rates of homicides, with guns playing an important role. City and law enforcement officials in Baltimore have attributed much of the gun violence to the illegal drug economy and the availability of guns for criminal use. For many years, the most visible and direct approaches employed by the Baltimore Police Department (BPD) to curb gun violence have focused on enforcement of drug laws to reduce violent crime associated with the drug trade. In the most ambitious and resource-intensive efforts, the objective of law enforcement actions has been to "take down" or severely weaken organized groups selling illegal drugs through targeted arrests and prosecutions. Such efforts are intended to both remove violent criminals from communities and, ideally, deter violent crime. Most of these targeted drug law enforcement efforts have been placefocused, targeting "hot spots" for homicides and shootings. Within these hot spots, there is often some degree of targeting of individuals believed to be important drivers of gun violence, based on intelligence gathered, individuals' histories of criminal offending, and individuals' criminal associates. In the early 2000s, Baltimore City leadership encouraged aggressive enforcement of drug laws, resulting in the arrests of tens of thousands of individuals for drug possession and drug distribution. However, beginning mid-2007, the BPD shifted its focus to initiatives aimed at apprehending violent criminals and targeting illegal gun possession. We used data from January 1, 2003, through December 23, 2017, to estimate the effects of place-focused policing and prevention initiatives that were focused on criminal offending involving guns and/or drugs to estimate the effects of those interventions on homicides and nonfatal shootings. An overview of the specific interventions assessed in this study follows. Details: Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Center for Gun Policy and Research; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 2018. 18p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed February 14, 2018 at: https://www.jhsph.edu/research/centers-and-institutes/johns-hopkins-center-for-gun-policy-and-research/publications/JHSPH-Gun-Violence-in-Baltimore.pdf Year: 2018 Country: United States URL: https://www.jhsph.edu/research/centers-and-institutes/johns-hopkins-center-for-gun-policy-and-research/publications/JHSPH-Gun-Violence-in-Baltimore.pdf Shelf Number: 149142 Keywords: Drug-Related ViolenceGun ViolenceGun-Related ViolenceHomicidesHotspots PolicingIllegal DrugsPublic Health Interventions |